CROWDFUNDING SYSTEMS: evaluation and government regulation in the conditions of reengineering

effective method of accumulating financial resources (for reengineering business processes, too). Besides, technological development also contri- butes to the spread of network communications and encourages their use, because such a process is always faster and cheaper (Ugolkova, 2016). The concepts of «crowdsourcing», «crowdfunding», «crowdlending» and others are new to the economic system of Ukraine, but their role in the economic processes of countries with developed economies is significant. Taking into account Ukraine's participation in integration processes, it is necessary to study the concepts mentioned above, clarify the differences between them and understand their significance to the economy. In this context, the concept of «crowdsourcing» is basic and the following terms derived from it: crowdfunding, crowdinvesting, crowdlending, crowd- marketing, and others. It is believed that the term «crowdsourcing» was first used by J. Howe in his article «The Rise of Crowdsourcing». By proposing this term, J. Howe noted that it refers to the company's placement of the project on an Internet platform implemented by a large number of participants (Howe, 2006). U. Unterberg notes that crowdsourcing is the act of a company or institution to transfer certain functions previously performed by its employees to an external performer (Unterberg, 2010). According to the Collins English Dictionary, «crowdsourcing» refers to the transfer of work to an indefinite circle of people, usually by appealing to the general public, most often via the Internet (Collins English Dictionary, 2018). The Oxford dictionary gives this interpretation of the concept of «crowdsourcing»: it is the process of obtaining information or contributing to a specific project by attracting the services of a large number of people, paid or unpaid, usually via the Internet (Oxford Dictionary, 2018). So, crowdsourcing in the General sense is the transfer of a certain job to a large number of people who are united by the idea and are willing to provide some services voluntarily (or for a small fee) without any employment contract ( Ʉɨɫɭɥɹ , 2014; Ʉɚɪɢɣ et al., 2016a). Global examples of crowdsourcing are Google translator (it allows all users to correct their proposed translation, add new words, and even improve the translation), online encyclopedia Wikipedia, where any user can write and edit articles, translate and create new topics, the Facebook network: the content of the page interface was translated into all languages of the world in 2008 thanks to users of this network ( ɒɜɟɞ , 2014; ɍɝɨɥɶɤɨɜɚ et al., 2016b). 12