CROWDFUNDING SYSTEMS: evaluation and government regulation in the conditions of reengineering

can not use the money provided immediately after they are credited to the «wallet»; ڰ the need to pay a fee on crowdfunding platforms: if a project has accumulated all the necessary amount, then to receive these funds, the recipient must pay an average of 10% of the fee to the crowdfunding platform. Only a few platforms do not charge fees. Indeed, the fee is small, but if the author of the project did not take it into account, then eventually he will accumulate the necessary funds, return 10% of them to crowd- platform, and again he will have to find a way to get this 10%; ڰ non-universality: not all projects can accumulate funds thanks to crowdfunding platforms because they should be interesting to potential contributors and not all of the projects match this requirement. Many projects fail to accumulate the amount they need, not because they are unsuccessful or unpromising, but simply because potential contributors for certain reasons remain indifferent to it; ڰ it is carried out in conditions of significant volumes of work done by the recipient: to present the project, the recipient must make an interesting and detailed presentation, at least make a video, make a business plan, constantly communicate with potential contributors, maintain interest in the project through advertising and social networks, etc. Therefore, the recipient must be ready for permanent work and understand all the financial risks associated with the project. Certain crowdfunding rules will help to separate crowdfunding from other crowdtechnologies, i.e. technologies and tools based on the invol- vement of a significant number of participants, such as crowdsourcing, crowdmarketing, etc. ( ɇɨɫɢɤ , 2011): 1. Any fundraising must have a stated purpose. 2. The costs that are planned to be covered by this type of financing must be publicly calculated. 3. The fundraising process should be transparent to the public. 4. To avoid the risks of charity fees, the process of publishing details should be preceded by a pre-testing procedure. 5. Crowdfunding technology, in addition to collecting money itself, involves the participation of potential advertisers and advertising agencies managers who can include the site in their media plans, and owners of visited sites who could help attract an audience. 6. The «matching funds» rule also takes place, because the funds invested in the project by other sponsors increase the confidence in the project. 21