CROWDFUNDING SYSTEMS: evaluation and government regulation in the conditions of reengineering

ڰ the project must meet certain thematic categories of a particular platform — they are usually very different, for example, on the French platform Kisskissbankbank, the main categories are books and publications, music, solidarity, performing arts, techno, and on the American platform Kickstarter, such categories are technology, art, design, games, and food. ڰ placement of personal projects (vacation, travel, birthday) is prohibited on conventional crowdfunding platforms, but there are such specialized platforms and it is possible to get funds for personal needs on them, for example, gofundme.com. An important aspect of the development of crowdfunding is the significant support of this financial instrument by people. On the famous crowdfunding platform Kickstarter (Kickstarter.com) the total number of contributors exceeded 15 million in July 2018. The dynamics of the number of crowdfunding contributors are shown in Fig 1.6. Fig 1.6. Dynamics of the number of contributors on the American crowdfunding platform Kickstarter for 2014–2018 Note: formed by the authors based on (Statista, 2019; Kickstarter, 2020) Crowdfunding is often considered in the context of general funding tools and is often referred to as venture capital or compared to funding through «business angels». However, these three models of fundraising 5,64 9,66 11,32 13,3 15,28 1,67 2,99 3,56 4,27 4,96 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Number of contributors, mln. Years General amount of contributors Repeated contributors 43