CROWDFUNDING SYSTEMS: evaluation and government regulation in the conditions of reengineering

2015, there were four crowdfunding platforms, which can not be attributed to one of the above types of crowdfunding: 2 of them were engaged in raising funds for businesses aimed at helping a particular community, while other platforms organized the exchange of shares in crowdfunding projects (Fig 2.11). Developing countries are characterized mainly by a considerable number of crowdfunding platforms and their low efficiency. For example, over the past few years, dozens of crowdfunding and crowdinvesting platforms have been created in the Russian Federation that cannot be considered effective enough. Nowadays, only a few of them are actively functioning and are well-known in society: Ɋ laneta.ru , Boomstarter, Kroogi, and several others. Other platforms are either at the stage of closed testing or have just opened and there are no projects on the platforms, or they are no longer working after 1–2 years of unsuccessful operation. Fig 2.11. Distribution of crowdfunding platforms in EU countries by type of funding, 2015 Note: formed by the authors based on sources (Becquet, 2015; Statista; ɍɝɨɥɶɤɨɜɚ , Ɏɟɳɭɪ , Ʉɭɡɶɦɿɧ and ɋɤɢɛɿɧɫɶɤɢɣ , 2017) 63 127 52 60 4 Without remuneration With non- financial remuneration Ɋ -2- Ɋ lending Joint-stock crowdfunding (or crowdinvesting) Other A number of platforms Countries 74